For evaluating policies, satellite-derived nightly light emissions have become more important. The authors find that the nighttime luminosity does not react to changes in economic activity in certain regions, especially in rich areas and in agricultural areas.
The full study can be found here: https://mdpi-res.com/d_attachment/remotesensing/remotesensing-14-01190/article_deploy/remotesensing-14-01190.pdf
